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Cross Flow Cooling Towers
Cross flow gravity distributes the water through the nozzles uniformly across the fill material. Cross flow is a design in which the air flow is directed perpendicular to the water flow Air flow enters one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material. Cross flow of air continues through the fill and thus past the water flow into an open plenum volume. Water flows through the fill by gravity. A distribution or hot water basin consisting of a deep pan with holes or nozzles in its bottom is located near the top of a cross flow tower.
cross flow cooling towers
Advantages of the cross flow design:
- Water distribution allows smaller pumps and Non-pressurized spray simplifies variable flow.
- Lower initial and long-term cost, mostly due to pump requirements.
Cross Flow Cooling Tower Manufacturers India
Counter Flow Cooling Towers
Counter Flow Cooling Tower
- The air flow is directly opposite to the water flow in counterflow.
- Gravity distributes the water through the nozzles uniformly across the fill material.
- Advantages of the counterflow design is Spray water distribution makes the tower more freeze-resistant.
- Disadvantages of the counterflow design is basically higher initial and long-term cost, and Difficult to use variable water flow, as spray characteristics may be negatively affected.
Round Shaped Cooling Tower
Round shape cooling tower or Round Cooling Tower is the circulating water flow that is removed (usually discharged to a drain) in order to maintain the amount of Total Dissolved Solids,other impurities at an acceptably low level. Higher TDS concentration in solution may result from greater cooling tower efficiency. However the higher the TDS concentration.The water that must be added to the circulating water system in order to compensate for water losses such as evaporation, drift loss, blow-out, blow-down, etc.
The temperatures of the recirculating water, piping and heat exchange surfaces determine if and where minerals will precipitate from the recirculating water. Often a professional water treatment consultant will evaluate the makeup water and the operating conditions of the cooling tower and recommend an appropriate range for the cycles of concentration. The use of water treatment chemicals, pretreatment such as water softening, The evaporated water leaves its dissolved salts behind in the bulk of the water which has not been evaporated, thus raising the salt concentration in the circulating cooling water.
Round Cooling Tower
“Natural Draft cooling Towers” Natural contacts ambient air rising up through the tower either by forced draft using large fans in the tower. Natural draft is utilizes a tall chimney. Warm, moist air naturally rises due to the density differential compared to the dry, cooler outside air. Warm moist air is less dense than drier air at the same pressure. This moist air buoyancy produces an upwards, current of air through the tower.Natural that appears like a natural draft setup, though airflow is assisted by a fan.This association is misleading, as the same kind of cooling towers are often used at large coal-fired power plants as well. Conversely, not all nuclear power plants have cooling towers, and some instead cool their heat exchangers with lake, river or ocean water. The heat required to evaporate the water is derived from the water itself, which cools the water back to the original basin water temperature and the water is then ready to recirculate. Natural cooling towers have become the design standard for all natural-draft cooling towers because of their structural strength and minimum usage of material. The hyperboloid shape also aids in accelerating the upward convective air flow, improving cooling efficiency. These designs are popularly associated with nuclear power plants. That contact causes a small amount of the water to be lost as windage (W) and some of the water to evaporate.
Water Cooling Tower – Cooling Water Systems are an essential part of process operations for many industries and public buildings. There are four problems commonly associated with water systems; corrosion, scale, fouling and microbiological contamination.
Clearwater products have been specifically designed to optimise system performance, cleanliness and heat exchange efficiency. Clearwater is the acknowledged leader in stable halogen treatment technology.
Regulatory requirements (ACOP L8) specify that cooling towers need to be controlled in order to prevent the proliferation of legionella bacteria. Legionnaires disease has become a major health and safety issue. Clearwater have the knowledge and experience to ensure that our clients comply with Government legislation
Water Cooling Tower
Square Cooling Tower
Square Shaped Cooling Tower[/caption]Square shape cooling tower is a design in which the air flow is directed perpendicular to the water flow (see diagram below). Air flow enters one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material. Water flows (perpendicular to the air) through the fill by gravity. the air flow is directly opposite to the water flow (see diagram below).
Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media, and is then drawn up vertically. The water is sprayed through pressurized nozzles near the top of the tower, and then flows downward through the fill, opposite to the air flow. The cool water absorbs heat from the hot process streams which need to be cooled or condensed, and the absorbed heat warms the circulating water. The warm water returns to the top of the cooling tower and trickles downward over the fill material inside the tower.
Square shape cooling tower contacts ambient air rising up through the tower either by natural draft or by forced draft using large fans in the tower. That contact causes a small amount of the water to be lost as windage (W) and some of the water (E) to evaporate. This method works on the principle that continuous particle removal will keep the system clean. Manufacturers typically package side-stream filters on a skid, complete with a pump and controls. For high flow systems, this method is cost-effective. Properly sizing a side-stream filtration system is critical to obtain satisfactory filter performance.
“Natural Draft Cooling Tower” Natural contacts ambient air rising up through the tower either by forced draft using large fans in the tower. Natural draft is utilizes a tall chimney. Warm, moist air naturally rises due to the density differential compared to the dry, cooler outside air. Warm moist air is less dense than drier air at the same pressure.
This moist air buoyancy produces an upwards, current of air through the tower.Natural that appears like a natural draft setup, though airflow is assisted by a fan.This association is misleading, as the same kind of cooling towers are often used at large coal-fired power plants as well. Conversely, not all nuclear power plants have cooling towers, and some instead cool their heat exchangers with lake, river or ocean water.
The heat required to evaporate the water is derived from the water itself, which cools the water back to the original basin water temperature and the water is then ready to recirculate. Natural cooling towers have become the design standard for all natural-draft cooling towers because of their structural strength and minimum usage of material. The hyperboloid shape also aids in accelerating the upward convective air flow, improving cooling efficiency. These designs are popularly associated with nuclear power plants. That contact causes a small amount of the water to be lost as windage (W) and some of the water to evaporate.
Natural Draft Cooling Tower
Closed looped cooling tower is one of the methods of heat transfers. They are hybrids that pass the working fluid through a tube bundle, upon which clean water is sprayed and a fan-induced draft applied. The resulting heat transfer performance is much closer to that of a wet cooling tower, with the advantage provided by a dry cooler of protecting the working fluid from environmental exposure and contamination.
Closed Loop Cooling Tower
In Evaporative Cooling Tower a small portion of water is cooled and evaporate into a moving air stream which provides cooling to the rest of that water stream. This evaporating water absorbs heat energy from the remaining water and reduces its temperature.