Reactor Type Heat Exchanger
Reactor Type Heat Exchangers
Reactor Type Heat Exchanger
Category Archives: Heat Exchanger
High Pressure Shell and U Tube Heat Exchangers
Shell and U Tube Heat Exchanger High Pressure
High Pressure Shell and U Tube Heat Exchanger
Stacked Type Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Stacked Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Stacked Type Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Stacked Type Heat Exchanger
Stacked Type Heat Exchangers
Evaporative Condensers :
In systems involving heat transfer, evaporative condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers can be made according to numerous designs, and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large (industrial-scale units used in plant processes).
For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air. Evaporative Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems. Use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers.
Specifications :
- The heat exchanger section wraps around the sides of the unit with the compressor inside.
Applications :
- Evaporative condensers can be used inside or outside of a building and under typical conditions, operate at a low condensing temperature.
Advantages :
- Typically these are used in large commercial air-conditioning units.
Evaporative Condensers
An evaporative cooler (also swamp cooler, desert cooler and wet air cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative cooling differs from typical air conditioning systems, which use vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycles. Evaporative cooling works by exploiting water’s large enthalpy of vaporization. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor (evaporation). This can cool air using much less energy than refrigeration. In extremely dry climates, evaporative cooling of air has the added benefit of conditioning the air with more moisture for the comfort of building occupants.
The cooling potential for evaporative cooling is dependent on the wet-bulb depression, the difference between dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature. In arid climates, evaporative cooling can reduce energy consumption and total equipment for conditioning as an alternative to compressor-based cooling. In climates not considered arid, indirect evaporative cooling can still take advantage of the evaporative cooling process without increasing humidity. Passive evaporative cooling strategies offer the same benefits of mechanical evaporative cooling systems without the complexity of equipment and ductwork.
Specifications :
- Residential and industrial evaporative coolers use direct evaporation, and can be described as an enclosed metal or plastic box with vented sides.
Applications :
- Before the advent of refrigeration, evaporative cooling was used for millennia.
- A vessel could also be placed in a bowl of water, covered with a wet cloth dipping into the water, to keep milk or butter as fresh as possible.
Advantages :
- Easy installation by bolted assembly
- Flexibility for any plant location and plot plan arrangement(installation over other units)
Evaporative Closed Circuit Coolers
Air Cooled Closed Circuit Coolers
Indirect closed circuit (Air Cooled Closed Circuit Coolers) is a cooling process that uses direct air cooled closed circuit coolers, cooling in addition to some type of heat exchanger to transfer the cool energy to the supply air. The cooled moist air from the direct evaporative cooling process never comes in direct contact with the conditioned supply air. The moist air stream is released outside or used to cool other external devices such as solar cells which are more efficient if kept cool. One indirect cooler manufacturer uses the so-called Maisotsenko cycle which employs an iterative (multi-step) heat exchanger that can reduce the temperature of product air to below the wet-bulb temperature, and can a approach the dew point.[17] While no moisture is added to the incoming air the relative humidity (RH) does rise a little according to the Temperature-RH formula. Still, the relatively dry air resulting from indirect evaporative cooling allows inhabitants’ perspiration to evaporate more easily, increasing the relative effectiveness of this technique. Indirect Cooling is an effective strategy for hot-humid climates that cannot afford to increase the moisture content of the supply air due to indoor air quality and human thermal comfort concerns. The following graphs describe the process of direct and indirect evaporative cooling with the changes in temperature, moisture content and relative humidity of the air.
Passive indirect cooling strategies are rare because this strategy involves an architectural element to act as a heat exchanger (for example a roof). This element can be sprayed with water and cooled through the evaporation of the water on this element. These strategies are rare due to the high use of water, which also introduces the risk of water intrusion and compromising building structure.
Specifications :
- Cooler pads consist of excelsior (aspen wood fiber) inside a containment net, but more modern materials, such as some plastics and melamine paper, are entering use as cooler-pad media.
Applications :
- Apart from fans used in mechanical evaporative cooling, pumps are the only other piece of mechanical equipment required for the evaporative cooling process in both mechanical and passive applications.
Advantages :
- Heat in the air evaporates water from the pads which are constantly re-dampened to continue the cooling process.
Air Cooled Closed Circuit Coolers
Water Heat Exchangers Manufacturer INDIA
Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical household uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, both hot water and water heated to condensation have many uses.
Domestically, water is customarily heated in vessels known as water heaters, kettles, cauldrons, pots, or coppers. These metal vessels heat a batch of water, but do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature. The temperature will vary based on the consumption rate of hot water; the water becomes cooler as flow is increased.
Appliances for providing a more-or-less stable supply of hot water are variously known as water heaters, hot water heaters, hot water tanks, boilers, heat exchangers, calorifiers, or geysers depending on whether they are heating filtered or non-potable water, in domestic or industrial use, their energy source, and in which part of the world they are found. In domestic installations, potable water heated for uses other than space heating is sometimes known as domestic hot water (DHW).
In many countries the most common energy sources for heating water are fossil fuels: natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil, or sometimes-solid fuels. These fuels may be addicted directly or by the use of electricity (which may derive from any of the above fuels or from nuclear or renewable sources). Alternative energy such as solar energy, heat pumps, hot water heat recycling, and sometimes-geothermal heating, may also be used as available, usually in arrangement with backup systems supplied by gas, oil or electricity.
In some countries district heating is a main source of water heating in compactly populated urban areas. This is especially the case in Scandinavia. District heating systems make it possible to supply all of the energy for water heating as well as space heating from waste heat from industries, power plants, incinerators, geothermal heating, and central solar heating. The actual heating of the tap water is performed in heat exchangers at the consumers’ premises. Generally the consumer has no in-building backup system, due to the very high-expected accessibility of district heating systems.
Energy efficiencies of water heaters in residential use can vary greatly, particularly based on manufacturer and model. However, electric heaters tend to be slightly more efficient (if one omits the power station losses) with recovery efficiency (how efficiently energy is transferred to the water) reaching about 98%. Gas fired heaters have maximum recovery efficiencies of only about 86% (the remaining heat is lost with the flue gasses). Overall energy factors can be as low as 80% for electric and 50% for gas systems. Natural gas and propane tank water heaters with energy factors of 62% or greater, as well as electric tank water heaters with energy factors of 93% or greater, are considered high-efficiency units. Energy Star-rated natural gas and propane water heaters have energy factors of 67% or higher; electric tank water heaters are not included in the Energy Star program. Since electricity production itself today has efficiency levels ranging from only 15% to slightly over 55% (combined cycle gas turbine), with around 40% typical for thermal power stations, direct electric water heating is typically the least energy efficient option. However, use of a heat pump can make electric water heaters much more energy efficient and lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions, even more so if a renewable source of electricity is used.
Specifications :
- Water heat exchanger is an aquastat and timer in order to decrease the added heat loss from the recirculation system can accommodate a recirculation system similar to those in the tank-type systems. It has to be said though that if the storage tank is highly insulated—a few tanks are available with excellent levels such as 100 mm or more polyurethane foam—the savings become minimal. For one consumer-grade electric storage water heater, the surface temperature was less than 1 °C higher than the air temperature.
Applications :
- Water enters residence in the US at about 10 °C (50 °F) (varies with latitude and season).
- Hot water temperatures of 40–49 °C (104–120 °F) are preferred for dishwashing, laundry and showering; requiring the water high temperature to be raised about 30 °C (54 °F) or more, if the hot water is later mixed with cold water.
- The Uniform Plumbing Code situation shower flow rate is 2.5 US gallons (9.5 L) per minute; sink and dishwasher usages range from 1–3 US gallons (3.8–11 L) per minute.
- Natural gas in the U.S. is measured in CCF (100 cubic feet), which is converted to a standardized heat content unit called the thermal, equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU).
- A BTU is the energy required to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. A U.S. gallon of water weighs 8.3 pounds (3.8 kg).
- So, to raise a 40-gallon tank of 55 °F (13 °C) water up to 105 °F (41 °C) would require (40 × 8.3 × (105 − 55) / 100,000) BTU, or approximately 0.17 CCF, at 100% efficiency. A 40,000 BTU/h heater would take 25 minutes to do this, at 100% efficiency. At $1 per thermal, the cost of the gas would be about 17 cents.
- In comparison, a typical electric water heater has a 4500 watt heating element, which if 100% efficient results in a heating time of about 1.1 hours. Since 16,600 BTU is roughly 4.9 kWh, at 10 cents/kWh the electricity would cost $0.49. Operating a shower at 2.5 gpm and 104 °F (40 °C) is equivalent to operating a 19.8 kW appliance [ ref. w computes 13.2 kW, but that is for 20 degree C increase instead of 30 ].[4] In the UK, domestic electric immersion heaters are usually rated at 3 kilowatts.
Advantages :
- Safety: Water Heaters can precisely control the temperature of the treated water, which means dangerous temperature levels and spikes are no longer a problem
- Reduced risk of water damage: No stored water means there is no risk of water damage from a tank failure or rupture, although the risk of water damage from a pipe or fitting failure remains. Improper piping in either the hot or cold water lines to the water heater can result in water damage though.
- Less physical space: Most water heaters can be mounted on a wall or even internally in a building’s structure. This means less physical space has to be dedicated to heating water. Even systems that can’t be mounted on walls take up less space than a tank-type water heater.
- Unlimited hot water: As water is heated while passing through the system an unlimited supply of hot water is available with a water heater. Although flow rate will determine the amount of hot water that can be generated at one time it can be generated indefinitely. However, this can also be a disadvantage, as running out of hot water self-limits use while a heater has no such limit.
- Long-term energy savings: Although a water heater might cost more initially it may result in both energy and cost savings in the long term. As water is heated only when it is needed, there is no storage of hot water. With a tank, water is kept warm all day even if it never gets used and heat loss through the tank walls will result in a continual energy drain. Even in homes or buildings with a high demand for hot water, a water heater may provide some level of savings. In a typical home these savings are quite substantial.
Water Heat Exchangers Manufacturer INDIA
Heat Exchanger Manufacturers INDIA
Water Heat Exchanger
Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Manufacturer INDIA
A Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger in which the tubes extend through oversized holes in a liquid distribution plate. Liquid flows through the holes and down each tube exterior surface as a falling film. A spacer or clip, desirably of wire, is placed in each hole around each tube to center the tube so that the film has a uniform thickness. The clip is self-locking and remains fixed securely in position. Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger is a heat exchanger that is derived from its parent Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger and it is most commonly all Industries which involves higher-pressure and Higher Temperature applications.
A set of tubes is called the tube bundle and can be made up of several types of tubes: plain, longitudinally finned, etc. Shell and tube heat exchangers are typically used for high-pressure applications (with pressures greater than 30 bar and temperatures greater than 260 °C).[2] This is because the shell and tube heat exchangers are robust due to their shape.
Specifications :
- Vertical Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes. One set of these tubes contains the fluid that must be either heated or cooled.
- The second fluid runs over the tubes that are being heated or cooled so that it can either provide the heat or absorb the heat required.
Applications :
- Vertical Shell Tube Heat Exchanger is widely used in variety of application as a cooling solution.
- The most common amoung them is for cooling of Hydraulic Fluid and oil in engines, transmissions and hydraulic power packs.
- With the right coimbination of materials they can also be used to cool or heat other mediums, such as swimming pool water or charge air.
- Vertical Shell Tube Heat Exchanger also be used on fixed tube sheet heat exchangers
Advantages :
They are commonly used in
-
- space heating
- refrigeration
- air conditioning
- power plants
- chemical plants
- petrochemical plants
- petroleum refineries
- natural gas processing
- sewage treatment
Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Manufacturer INDIA
Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
u tube bundle heat exchanger
Tube Bundle Heat Exchangers Manufacturer INDIA
A heat-exchanger system consisting of a bundle of U tubes (hairpin tubes) surrounded by a shell (outer vessel); one fluid flows through the tubes, and the other fluid flows through the shell, around the tubes.Multitherm can duplicate any existing bundle to include dimensions, materials and performance. we can build “U” tube bundles, straight tube “floating” tube bundles, or we can retube fixed tubesheet heat exchangers when the bundles is not removable. multitherm is not locked into any one material. Most bundles tend to be build with copper tubes and steel tubesheets.
u tube bundle heat exchanger
In nuclear power plants called pressurized water reactors, large heat exchangers called steam generators are two-phase, shell-and-tube heat exchangers which typically have U-tubes. They are used to boil water recycled from a surface condenser into steam to drive a turbine to produce power. Most shell-and-tube heat exchangers are either 1, 2, or 4 pass designs on the tube side.
Specifications :
- The number of times the fluid in the tubes passes through the fluid in the shell.
- In a single pass heat exchanger, the fluid goes in one end of each tube and out the other.
- A tube bundle heat exchanger with baffles is disclosed wherein a tube bundle is housed within an inner casing which is acted upon from both the inside and the outside by a heating medium
Applications :
- The simple design of a shell and tube heat exchanger makes it an ideal cooling solution for a wide variety of applications. One of the most common applications is the cooling of Hydraulic Fluid and oil in engines, transmissions and hydraulic power packs.
- With the right choice of materials they can also be used to cool or heat other mediums, such as swimming pool water or charge air.
Advantages :
- Advantages of using a heat exchanger is that they are often easy to service.
- Particularly with models where a floating tube bundle where the tube plates are not welded to the outer shell is available. Fixed tube sheet heat exchangers.